The effectiveness and roles of CAMHS Emergency/Paediatric Liaison Teams in general hospital/Paediatric settings: A Systematic Literature Review

our site – CUSTOM ESSAY WRITING – DISSERTATION EXAMPLES Abstract CAMHS Emergency/Paediatric Liaison plays a vital role in the mental and physical health of children and adults, and has numerous benefits, both for the practitioners and for the patients. This report presents a systematic review of literature on the effectiveness and roles of CAMHS emergency/paediatric liaison teams in general hospital/paediatric settings. The main source of literature that were used in this study comprised of journal articles obtained from different scientific databases such as PubMed and Emerald. Whilst the role of CAMHS emergency/Paediatric liaison teams in healthcare are acknowledged in this research, it has been established that their effectiveness is hampered by their current limited capacity. Introduction In healthcare, interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary teams play a key role in provision of overall services to different groups of interest. Such teams comprise of healthcare professionals and workers specialised in different disciplines, each providing different services that contribute to the overall well-being of the patient(s) (Ke et al., 2013). An example of such teams is the collaboration between professionals in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and paediatrics, who work in liaison to provide mental and physical health interventions for children in different healthcare settings (Lamb & Murphy, 2013). The link between mental and physical health problems among children have been recognized for a long time, and one way in which this can be addressed is through the integration of child psychiatric and paediatric services (Herrenkohl et al., 2013). Child psychiatrists who work in paediatric liaison settings argue that there are several cases of children whose parents/guardians incur high service costs in treating physical symptoms that turn out to have underlying psychiatric issues (Costello et al., 2014). Such conditions include Somatoform disorders, which are exhibited through physical symptoms(Perez et al., 2015). These high costs can be effectively through hospital paediatric liaison mental health services because it facilitates evidence-informed diagnoses and treatment from both physical and psychiatric practitioners. Other benefits include proper interventions for physical and psychiatric health issues among children(Costello et al., 2014). However, evidence from researches such as Foster (2009) indicated that in the United Kingdom, such liaisons are few and as well, have a high vulnerability to service cuts. As this literature review explores of the effectiveness and roles of CAMHS emergency/paediatric liaison teams in general hospital/paediatric settings, it critically evaluates its possible positive and negative implications in child care. It is based on this reviews that recommendations for practice can be provided to ensure that such multidisciplinary teams solve the problems that may be currently being faced as a result of the shortage of paediatric liaison mental health services (PL CAMHS). The objectives that are to be addressed in this review of literature are as listed below: To examine how CAMHS Emergency/Paediatric Liaison Teams in general hospital/Paediatric settings work. To establish the effectiveness of CAMHS Emergency/Paediatric Liaison Teams in general hospital/Paediatric settings. Methodology During this research, a secondary study approach, through a systematic literature review, was used. This research approach involved the utilization of data from sources that have already been published on the subject being studied. The selection of this research approach was because a lot of information can be obtained from a wide variety of sources within a short time (Lilford, et al., 2017). This is as compared to primary research where respondents would have to be selected, and data collection approached administered to them, which is both time consuming and costly. With regards to the inclusion and exclusion criterion, priority was given to article that have been published in reputable journal databases such as Pubmed, Wiley Online Library, Biomed and Emerald. This was instrumental in ensuring the authenticity of both the sources and the information contained in them because journal articles published on these databases undergo a rigorous process of review. When searching for data sources on the internet, keywords were used in order to return the articles, books or reports that had the most relevance for the research. Some of the key words that were used included ‘paediatrics, ‘child mental health’, ‘CAMHS Emergency/Paediatric Liaison’ and ‘multidisciplinary teams in healthcare’. Another criterion used for selection was the time of publication. The sources used were only to be those published within the past 10 years. Selection of recent data sources is ideal because it provides information that is still relevant and valid. Given that the UK health sector undergoes constant changes in order to make it more effective and efficient, reliance on older sources might provide an inaccurate description of the current situation with regards to CAMHS Emergency/Paediatric Liaison. On application of these search, inclusion and exclusion criteria in searching for secondary sources, there was an assurance that the information presented in the systematic review was highly relevant. Tables were used in the presentation of results.FindingsIn most cases, caregivers of the patients may be concerned, and wish to access some advice so as to determine the possible impact of an illness to a child and also explore some of the possible ways of getting to communicate about the illnes ses (Herbert et al., 2016). Referrals in most cases get to typically involve those situations where there are some additional psychological issues. The liaison service has a great advantage as it is multidisciplinary and it provides so many interventions that could include; psychiatric nursing, family work, and some psychological therapies. Teaching, consultation, supervision and training is provided for the therapists and also the staff that is working hard towards the provision of the required services. Young people and child mental health is sub-specialty of both paediatrics and also mental health. The disparity that exists between the fields leads to some delay in the development of young people and child mental health services (Wilson, Metcalfe & McLeod, 2015). Berelowitz, and Hugo (2015) claim that liaison between the mental health and general services can be quite challenging and it is often unmanaged and unplanned. The need for a robust liaison model is recognized, however collaborative working especially between the professionals is rarely evident. A framework that is multidisciplinary is the most effective working model for liaison. There needs to be a lot of commitment in the psychiatric, paediatric and also psychological disciplines as they are very essential to its overall success. More children and also adolescents are presenting the A & E departments with harm that they cause on themselves, they are admitted with other conditions that include, psychosis, psychosomatic problems and also some eating disorders (Griffith &Glasby, 2015). It has generally led to an increase in the number that is accommodated on the adolescent units and the pediatric wards. Provision of the inpatient CAMHS is yet to catch up with an increase in the recognition of the increased need. The mental health needs of the children and adolescents have received a high priority especially in those health policies that have been formulated recently. The nurses have a role to ensure that they provides collaborative and also evidence based mental healthcare for the children and adolescents as well irrespective of their clinical environment (Wilson, Metcalfe & McLeod, 2015). CAMHS nursing role is very specific and adds a lot of dimension in most cases to the care that the children and also adolescents that have the mental health issues need. It is inclusive of those other disciplines that lack time, resources and also skills so as to deliver effectively. Liaison nursing has its major focus on the relationship that exists between the patients and also the nurses rather than the treatment and also diagnosis of various diseases (Cleaver, 2014). Nurses that are available in CAMHS liaison have the duty of providing, consultation, clinical care, education, supervision, nursing and also ensure that they undertake research(Ke et al., 2013). They ensure that they provide both support and also nursing advice to the colleagues that are in the paediatric setting and they all the time as they have a responsibility of ensuring that the wellbeing and also safety of the clients is provided fully. Recognition of the fact that nurses are providing care in an environment t hat is less than perfect is very important to the building of partnerships that are effective. It also leads to the acknowledgement of the challenges of caring for those adolescents that are troubled in the emergency departments or even the paediatric ward (Herbert et al., 2016). Glazebrook, Townsend and Sayal (2015) found out that the response given to the children and adolescent mental health needs requires some serious consideration of the variety of services that are provided at different levels. They are the early intervention programs, the ones of mental health promotion, the primary and also community mental health care services, and specialist services on mental health for those conditions that are more serious. A lot of evidence has been documented to clearly demonstrate that the behavioural difficulties and also early implementation of the programs that are meant to support the families can lead to better outcomes in the health of the children and also adolescents that are at risk of developing chronic mental health problems (Griffith & Glasby, 2015). CAMHS programs have been very crucial in addressing the risks that are faced and also providing some protective factors early in life need (Glazebrook, Townsend & Sayal, 2015).Wilson, Metcalfe, and McLeod (2015) add that for those children and also adolescents that are at more risk, this includes those ones that come from families that have a lower income, low levels of education, and also all those ones that live in those areas that are disadvantaged. The schools also have a role of ensuring that they focus on promoting positive mental health. An approach that is based on the school encompasses the whole learning environment of the learner and this includes the physical environment, curriculum, and also the links that exist between the community and the parents as well (Cleaver, 2014). There are some capacity building and also personal elements of mental development that lead to the general improvement of the children and also provide more opportunities that promote their wellbeing. Prevention of bullying is a key element that leads to the promotion of health, so there is need to develop some policies that deter such vices from existing in the learning environments(Costello et al., 2014). Adolescent is a very crucial stage in the psychological development of a child. The children require a lot of understanding of the life challenges that they face so that they can develop skills so as to cope with those emotions that are considered to be difficult (Cleaver, 2014). The adolescence stage is a time that a higher risk of poor mental health that may result in depression, anxiety, depression, psychosis, substance misuse and even some eating disorders. There is also an increasing risk of suicidal behaviour and even deliberate self-harm. CAMHS is very crucial in providing the children and also adolescents the services that they need (Glazebrook, Townsend & Sayal, 2015). Discussion The increasing number of both children and also young people who have mental problems and receive care in the paediatric settings presents a huge challenge to the nurses. Some of them do not have any mental nursing experiences or even qualifications (Herbert et al., 2016). Cleaver (2014) claims that on call nursing support is something that most of the nurses feel is the most beneficial, aspect of the services of liaison teaching and also individual support with the young person is very important. There is need to ensure that a project is initiated that will lead to improvement of liaison in the general paediatric wards and the child and also adolescent mental health services. There is a gap that exists in addressing the need of the many children and young adults that have physical illnesses and also some mental health needs. CAMHS paediatric liaison service tends to focus on the mind and also body interface. The service offers consultation to so many referrers. They provide a lot of help to the children and also adolescents that have mental health problems. Interventions that they offer are of help not only to the affected group, but also to their families as well (Cleaver, 2014). Herbert et al. (2016) assert that they also target the psychological barriers that exist to physical care, the psychological management of the physical symptoms among many other issues. It has over the years provided consultation and also advice to adult services especially in the hospital for those patients that need some care due to their mental state. Even though the objectives of the research were met, there are several limitations that were encountered in this research that may have limited the effectiveness with which the research objectives could have been met. One of these was the challenge in the selection of article to include in the report, out of hundreds that were found online. In addition to this, the fact that many databases had to be accessed, some of this requiring paid access, also contributed to the limitations of the study. Whilst the secondary research approach has its strengths, there are some associated limitations. The strengths include the fact that the need for ethical clearance before carrying out the research is less emphasised (Mallett et al., 2012). This is as compared to primary research where research ethics have to be adhered to in order to avoid exposing research subjects to any form of harm. A limitation, on the other hand, is in the fact that the information collected is not first hand and thus, makes it difficult to ascertain that indeed, that is the exact issue or challenge being faced in CAMHS Emergency/Paediatric Liaison situations in the United Kingdom. In conclusion, the findings from the different sources that were included in this systematic review highlight the importance of CAMHS-PL liaisons in general hospitals. Children and adolescents who may have psychiatric issues that are manifested through physical symptoms have an assurance of getting the necessary intervention and relief by seeking these services. Another advantage is that the overall costs incurred in treatment are less than when physical and mental healthcare are disconnected(Costello et al., 2014). Some of the issues that can be effectively addressed by CAMHS/Paediatric liaisons include tobacco use among adolescents that may lead to mental issues, insecure attachments that contribute towards self-harm, acute mental distress and ICD-10 psychiatric disorders, among others. This justifies the need for more multidisciplinary teams in child and adolescent physical and psychiatric care. References Berelowitz, M., & Hugo, P. (2015). Management of the Really Sick Child or Adolescent with Anorexia Nervosa in Hospital: The Role of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. In Critical Care for Anorexia Nervosa (pp. 11-40). Springer International Publishing. Cleaver, K. (2014). Attitudes of emergency care staff towards young people who self-harm: a scoping review. International emergency nursing, 22(1), 52-61. Costello, E. J., He, J. P., Sampson, N. A., Kessler, R. C., & Merikangas, K. R. (2014). Services for adolescents with psychiatric disorders: 12-month data from the National Comorbidity Survey–Adolescent. Psychiatric Services, 65 (3), 359-366. Foster, C. (2009). Adolescents in Acute Mental Distress on Inpatient Pediatric Settings: Reflections From a Pediatric Liaison Practitioner. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 22 (1), 16–22. Garralda, M., & Slaveska-Hollis, K. (2016). What is special about a Paediatric Liaison Child and Adolescent Mental Health serviceChild and Adolescent Mental Health, 21 (2), 96–101 . Glazebrook, K., Townsend, E., & Sayal, K. (2015). The Role of Attachment Style in Predicting Repetition of Adolescent Self?Harm: A Longitudinal Study. Suicide and life-threatening behavior, 45(6), 664-678. Griffith, L., &Glasby, J. (2015). â€Å"When we say ‘urgent’it means now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Health and social care leaders’ perceptions of each other’s roles and ways of working. Journal of Integrated Care, 23(3), 143-152. Herbert, A., Christian, C. I. S., & RA, C. (2016). CAMHS/AMHS Transition Policy, Islington. Policy. Herrenkohl, T. I., Hong, S., Klika, J. B., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Russo, M. J. (2013). Developmental impacts of child abuse and neglect related to adult mental health, substance use, and physical health. Journal of family violence, 28 (2), 191-199. Ke, K. M., Blazeby, J. M., Strong, S., Carroll, F. E., Ness, A. R., & Hollingworth, W. (2013). Are multidisciplinary teams in secondary care cost-effectiveA systematic review of the literature. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation, 11 (1), 7. Kulkarni, M., Huddlestone, L., Taylor, A., Sayal, K., & Ratschen, E. (2014). A cross-sectional survey of mental health clinicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice relating to tobacco dependence among young people with mental disorders. BMC Health Services Research, 14 (1), 618. Lamb, C., & Murphy, M. (2013). The divide between child and adult mental health services: points for debate. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 202 (54), s41-s44. Perez, D. L., Barsky, A. J., Vago, D. R., Baslet, G., & Silbersweig, D. A. (2015). A neural circuit framework for somatosensory amplification in somatoform disorders. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 27 (1), e40-e50. Wilson, S., Metcalfe, J., & McLeod, S. (2015). Comparing Choice and Partnership Approach assumptions to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. International journal of health care quality assurance, 28(8), 812-825. Wilson, S., Metcalfe, J., & McLeod, S. (2015). Comparing Choice and Partnership Approach assumptions to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 28 (8), 812 – 825.

Nazi Science and Nazi Medical Ethics Essay

In this history of science and medical ethics, one of the most controversial periods would probably be the 1930s and 1940s in Nazi Germany. We can jump outright into the conclusion that Nazi Germany was the breeding ground for scientific and medical breakthroughs which, no matter how grandiose, are questionable in term of ethics. We can readily suppose that Nazi Germany was the epitome of â€Å"medicine gone bad† during such years, with barbarism and cruelty existing alongside important scientific breakthroughs. The article of Robert Proctor entitled â€Å"Nazi Science and Nazi Medical Ethics: Some Myths and Misconceptions† presents a different perspective of viewing Nazi science and medical ethics. It opens our eyes to the reality that science under fascist Germany is â€Å"more than a narrative of suppression and survival† (Proctor, 2000, p. 337) and that we need to look at things in a different, albeit more complex, light in order to grasp that Nazi science â€Å"transformed but did not abandon ethics† (Proctor, 2000, p. 3337). To cite a few evidences, Germany at that time â€Å"was home to the world’s foremost tobacco-cancer epidemiology, the world’s strongest cancer prevention policy, or the world’s first recognition that asbestos could cause lung cancer† (Proctor, 2000, p. 339). Furthermore, there were also established ethical standards in science and the medical profession in Germany then (Proctor, 2000). For example, students in medical schools were required to enroll in medical ethics courses despite the fact that there was no organized study of medical ethics under the Nazi regime. In German journals, the obligations of doctors to the society, the state, and individuals are outlined. Clearly, these indicate that a distinction must be made between the total absence of ethics and the presence of evil ethics (Proctor, 2000). However, Proctor made it clear that the purpose of his work was not to rescue the Nazi regime and its brutal scientific experiments on unwilling victims. The world would never forget the ruthless human experiments of the likes of Karl Brandt and Herman Voss regardless of the scientific and medical breakthroughs that emerged from these experimentations. Proctor’s point was to emphasize that science and politics were closely related. Scientists and doctors were themselves drawn to fascism, and so they did not challenge common practices. Instead, they evidently served as accomplices in the goal of addressing Germany’s problems through surgical and medical means (Proctor, 2000). Overall, Proctor’s article is an interesting read especially for majority of us who hold stereotypes on Nazi Germany. Without a doubt, most of us are quick to judge at the state of science and medical ethics at that time since our common knowledge of the brutal Nazi regime is not only with reference to genocide but also the horrid use of humans in experiments. Although Proctor directly said that he is not in any way â€Å"cleansing† the image of the Nazi regime nor â€Å"balancing the historical record† (Proctor, 2000, p. 340), his work certainly motivates us to ponder deeper into the topic and set aside our conventional conceptions. This is so we can arrive at a truly rational and informed analysis and understanding of the issue. In summary, fascist Germany’s science and medical profession during the 1930s and 1940s deserve a second look beyond our original perspective that they embodied the height of brutality and unethical standards. Proctor’s clever presentation of the other side of the picture tells us there is certainly more than what meets the eye. As in everyday life, there are some things that need not be taken at face value and that the line demarcating the black from the white is more often than not blurred. In relation to Proctor’s work, we need to look further into the complexities of science and medical ethics during the Nazi regime. With this, we can conclude that fascism was not necessarily a detriment to the promotion of science at that time, which could even help us obtain a deeper understanding of how fascism succeeded as a political ideology and system of government (Proctor, 2000). Reference Proctor, R. (2000). Nazi Science and Nazi Medical Ethics: Some Myths and Misconceptions. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 43(3): 335–346.

Analysing Homelessness In Australia

Analysing Homelessness In Australia Over the past few decades, mechanisms of social exclusion and social control have made it increasingly hard for Australia’s homeless. Many texts discuss the issue of defining homelessness and it is now widely accepted there are several different kinds. Here, I will be talking primarily about Primary homelessness, which is also known as ‘sleeping rough’, where people sleep in cars, parks or other public spaces (Which Way Home? 2008: 18). On average around 105,000 people are homeless in Australia each night and around 15% of these are rough sleeper (The Road Home 2008: 3). The majority of homeless people list financial difficulty, domestic violence, family breakdown or substance abuse as the main causes of their homeless status (Which Way Home? 2008: 20). Homelessness remains a particular problem among Australia’s Indigenous people, who are over represented in their use of homeless services in all states and territories (Which Way Home? 2008: 20). While home lessness itself is not illegal in Australia, many acts committed by the homeless are, such as public urination, public drunkenness and the possession of illegal drugs. Criminalization of the homeless occurs because these people lack the private space in which to engage in these behaviours. Governments assume that by removing the homeless from public spaces that they are reducing crime and creating safe streets for the law abiding public. However, as illustrated above, the crimes the homeless commit do not generally hurt others or damage property. They are breaking specific laws that have been created by the government which are enforced to exclude certain groups of society from specific public spaces, notably the spaces that the wealthy inhabit. Criminalizing the homeless for behavior that is unavoidable in their situation is not simply poor public policy; it also places unnecessary stress on the criminal justice system. Criminalizing the homeless also leaves the law enforcement off icials to deal with related issues, such as issues such as mental illness and alcoholism (citation). Alcoholism is an issue that is common among the homeless population and it is a condition that often intensifies as a result of being homeless. Criminalizing the homeless for being drunk on the streets does not treat the problem, nor does it assist the police in ‘cleaning up the streets’. It is often found is that homeless alcoholics use rehabilitation centre’s as shelter services, but have little intention of treating their addiction (Wilhite 1992: 190). This indicates that the provision of suitable housing is a prerequisite to treating alcoholism. Once suitably housed, alcoholics have an increased chance of using alcohol rehabilitation services effectively. However, as suitable housing becomes increasingly scarce, the homeless are released from the justice system and back on to the street, where the cycle is then repeated. Homelessness has also increased signifi cantly among the mentally ill in recent decades. This has been attributed to discontinuity in mental health services where individuals are transferred from an institutional to community living (Conover et al. 1997: 256). This burden of care has shifted from mental hospitals to the community; however, development of housing and community services has not kept up with the demand (Greenblatt 1992: 49). The outcome here is that many of Australia’s mentally ill have ended up are end up on the streets and are criminalized for behaviour’s that are symptoms of their illness. Once again, nobody benefits from the existing system. Our mentally ill are left untreated and our criminal justice system gets increasingly clogged with cases of minor offences that have harmed no one.

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Common law justice - Essay Example It should be clear that if a ruler violates justice by enacting a legal edict or document, that edict cannot be properly called a law and this is because law aims for the common good" (Likhovski, 1991). This is often complicated however because what is good for some is bad for others. Because of its mutable nature and its ability to be questioned, the English system of law is sometimes, as in the case of England, challenged quite often, resulting in a highly litigious society, but also a progressive one. The Welsh, for example, are no longer sold openly at slave markets, because law has evolved to forbid this. When this perspective is taken externally and applied to international law and antiquity examples, it becomes measured more in terms of cost and risk, as international law differs from region to region and can become very time-consuming and expensive to those involved. In this environment, arbitration is considered to be better than litigation in almost all cases. Applied to common sense are also the principles of knowing about the law, and the history of the law, through representative cases which have established precedent, based on the concept of stare decisis. These cases are then applied to the facts of the current case in England and Wales, where English law is practiced in majority. In England and Wales, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the highest court, but there are a lot of other courts as well in a hierarchical relationship, from local to national levels. The highest court in the hierarchy "is binding on every other court in the hierarchy, and they will follow its directions. For example, there is no statute making murder illegal. It is a common law crime" (English, 2000). Parliament is in charge of common law, and can adjust the laws to suit the times. For example, there is no more death penalty. #2 It is important to think about, using relevant case law, how the European Court of Justice has maintained a uniform interpretation of community law across European States. A lot of this has to do with the interstices between the relatively recent formation of the EU and the valuation of law in society. Randomness and chaos rule both systems. "The rotation of the presidency entails a lack of continuity in the agenda-setting procedure; the Summit agendas are overloaded with gritty details and each presidency pursues more or less specific topics ('shopping lists'). This is why the Council currently fails to fulfill its original strategic purpose. Thus, the EU definitely needs a reform of its institutions" (Bilefsky, 2005). Other issues are also dividing European law in the present can be seen in the case example of subsidies, or government help, offered to agricultural interests. Recently, before the government of Brown, "The issue of farm subsidies has also divided the European Union i nto nations favoring more open markets and those who want to maintain protection for their domestic industries. Prime Minister Tony Blair of Britain called the summit meeting Thursday in the hope of

Health Care and Aging Policy Analysis Research Paper

Health Care and Aging Policy Analysis - Research Paper Example This may also include the failure to satisfy the needs of the elders or protect them from harms. It is unfortunate, that most of the times mistreatment is being caused but the people are unaware of it (Falk, 2012). Elder mistreatment is most of the times not reported because of the lack of training given to professional who miss it out. It has been reported that about 1.2 million elders are mistreated every year by self or others. 450,000 cases are new every year which are identified, yet the awareness and control has been sparse. These alarming figures have lead to the immense need to address and assess the mistreatment caused to elders through abuse, neglect or exploitation. There is no definite cause for elder abuse as it varies on situations and there can be a number of reasons why elders are mistreated at home or at nursing care homes (Stiegel, 2010). Historical background of the policy: The Elder Justice Act was introduced in 2003 to improve the conditions of this social proble m in America. The act was initially introduced by Senator John Breaux. The act was not only designed to address the elder mistreatment but also to address to the message of human rights for freedom from exploitation and abuse. The Elder Justice Coalition was formed which brought together all advocates who were committed to the social policy of elder protection. After 2003, the coalition fought and ensured that the Elder Justice Act was signed (Mellor, 2013). In 2010, the Elder Justice Act was signed into law by President Obama. It was passed in the Patient Protection and Affordability Act which was a health care reform. This act was addressed as the identification and recognition of the problem which had marked the beginning of the end of elder mistreatment. This act covered a large area which included the administration of the health care and the streaming of the problem by creating provisions to make proposals and alternatives for the problem. The act is now a law and it covers an d authorizes the dealing of the funds which are necessary to implement and provide benefits to those elders who are mistreated nationwide (Pampel, 2008). Bases of Social Allocation: It is important to analyze the group of people who come under the Elder Justice Act (EJA). This act is selective as it is for those people who are eligible and who need the services the most. This group of people is the elders who are above 60 years of age and are through any means being abused, tortured, mistreated or exploited. Research has concluded that elders who are disabled, demented or the ones who live in nursing homes suffer more abuse and mistreatment. Approximately 14 million of elders over 65 years of age are disabled in the U.S. These elders are more likely to be a subject of abuse by family members, care takers, service providers or other people associated to them. Such mistreatment causes risk to the activities and health of the elder (Brown, 2011). It was concluded that female elders are abused more than males and this is why they tend to die earlier. Elders who have dementia are also at the risk of being abused because of their attitudes and behaviors. They might become a burden or a responsibility on the family members or the care takers. About 5.1 million elders in America have some kind of dementia. Other elders who are at risk are the ones who live in private homes or nursing homes. These elders are the ones who are mostly unemployed and are dependent on

One computer in a classroom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

One computer in a classroom - Essay Example Practical ideas start with the room arrangement to maximize space and provide convenience to teachers and students. Next is proper management and scheduling, this is where computer users are given their individual timing and cycle through to complete a project. It may be on a daily or weekly basis depending on the estimated length or duration of the project. Encourage cooperative or group learning that would break large student's class into smaller and more manageable groups. Consider computer skill and particular assignment when pairing students and allow change of partners according to requirements. Set and provide guidelines for the proper use of computer, let users clearly understand their rights and responsibilities and the restrictions they should follow while using the computer station. This approach will greatly save time and allow more groups to participate. To enable effective use of time, display posters with computer terms and commands for user's easy reference. Teachers can now use administrative applications to increase productivity such as correspondence, worksheets, tables, test questions, handouts, and bulletin board posting materials. They can also design and print forms for filling like personal information data of students. They can publish newsletters, calendars, reports, certificates, graphic organizers and seating arrangement charts. Convenient and more accurate electronic grade book, students attendance records, students information database. For student's information, teachers can write and post announcements, and important reminders. Computer as a creation tool for students to do word processing, create functional database, data tabulation and spreadsheets, graphs, and other multimedia applications. They can also use the computer as an

Characteristics of Women That Attract Men Essay Example for Free

Characteristics of Women That Attract Men Essay 2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2.1 Research Sample We were searching for a characteristics of woman that attract men. After all, we distributed the questionnaire among Labuan Matriculation Colleges’ student (LMC) 2012/13 to get the specific answer. The questions are universal which can be answer by both gender, male and female. All the respondent are majority from Sabah and Sarawak, while some are from Peninsular Malaysia who studying in LMC. In this research, we were only focusing on teenagers, from age 19 to 20 as we believed, most individu starts to get serious in searching a life partner around this age circle. 2.2 Research Instrument Categorical and multiple-choices style of questions had been used in this questionnaire. Categorical style are most commonly use to determine the respondent’s life background, while, in order to prove the objectives, multiple-choices answer are given to help the respondents to answer bunch of questions. 2.3 Research Procedure After finished discussing the research’s topic, we combined all the ideas from the four heads of us to one paper. We justified the questions to be more specific and most important is , the questions must be interesting and easy to be answer. This is because, based on our own experienced, people will easily get bore when answering a question that sounds boring and difficult to answer, especially those question which you have to state a reason for some answer. So, in order to make sure the surveys is in the bag, we try to make it simple and easy as we can. Afterwards, we submitted the softcopy to our subject’s lecturer and wait for her approval. Next, we distributed the questionnaires to all the respondent in LMC during rest hour at cafeteria. There were 90 copies of questionnaire. 45 answered by male students age 19-20 while the rest answered by the opposite sex. It only took about 3minutes for each person to answer. Since both male and female can answer all the questions, we can see, there are a lot of different opinion between these two genders. Finally, making analysis is the hardest step to do when we have to check the answers one-by-one. However, it become easier when each of us showed cooperativity and helping each other.

Experiment to Find the Acceleration Due to Gravity Using Free

Experiment to Find the Acceleration Due to Gravity Using Free Fall Essay As the title suggests, this experiment is to find the acceleration any object under free fall will undergo when travelling towards the earth. We presume in this experiment that we are unaware of the constant g and the basis of this experiment is to rediscover this value. Apparatus The principle behind the circuit is fairly simple. The ball is held through magnetism to the electromagnet; however when the magnetic field is no longer being created i.e. the switch is opened, the ball falls. When the switch is opened, the timer also starts as the switch is connected to one of its inputs. The ball strikes the metallic plate as it falls and breaks the contact between the metal plate and the rest of the circuit. The plate switch is also connected to the timer which then stops timing. In this way the time taken for the ball to fall a certain height is measured and hence its acceleration. The height fallen by the ball is measured by moving the plate switch up and down a wooden pole and measuring through use of a tape measure the distance between it and the bottom of the ball. All distances given in the data were from the top of the metallic plate to the bottom of the steel ball. The distance had to be standardised as the rate of acceleration depends upon the exact distance fallen in a certain amount of time. If we had not worked out two standard points that all our measurements were taken from we would not have been able to calculate the acceleration of the ball to an accurate degree. The acceleration acting upon the ball as it falls towards the earth is due to gravity. It is therefore prudent to show some understanding of the physics of the experiment before we actually look at the data itself. All following material is taken from Explaining Physics A-Level Edition by Stephen Pople. Gravity is a force of attraction between any two masses. This force is unusual as it is the only force discovered that has no repulsive effect unlike for example, magnetism which can attract and repel other masses. The Earth is surrounded by a gravitational field which exerts a force on any mass in it. In terms of this experiment the ball is attracted towards the earth as it falls. I read that experiments done in the past have shown that at a particular place all bodies falling freely under gravity in a vacuum or where air resistance is negligible have the same constant acceleration irrespective of their masses. This is why for this experiment the mass of the ball is irrelevant as long as it remains constant throughout the experiment. This is due to the fact that acceleration due to gravity is a constant for all objects irrespective of mass where air resistance is negligible. If we wish to find the acceleration due to gravity we only need to know the displacement of the ball and the time taken for it to fall that distance. This value is taken as 9.8m/s/s; that is to say that the velocity of any body travelling downwards will increase by 9.8m/s every second neglecting the effect of air resistance. As a result, my initial prediction is that the time taken for the ball to hit the plate will increase as the distance increases and as a result the acceleration will increase. This prediction is based upon the evidence found in the textbook mentioned above but also through initial examination of the data. For this experiment my partner and I decided to attach the metal plate switch at 20cm intervals from 20-200cm so a wider range of results could be calculated. We wished also to see if we could obtain the terminal velocity of an object in free fall i.e. the speed at which it will stop accelerating but the distance between the ball and the switch was not great enough. The final graph I will plot will be the displacement of the ball bearing over the time taken to open the switch squared. The two values should show positive correlation as if we arrange the equation from the textbook: S=ut + 1/2at s/t = u/t + 1/2 a Therefore: s/t = u/t + 1/2 a We know that intital velocity is Zero so: s/t = 1/2 a This rather conveniently allows us to find the acceleration due to gravity by simply doubling the gradient. g = 2( s/t) We see now how it is possible to obtain a value for g as I have data on both the displacement of the ball bearing and the time taken for it to fall that distance. An initial graph without reference to the data should be virtually straight line taking experimental error into account, perhaps looking roughly so: I have shown here the time squared for an object to fall over 50cm. I have taken g to be 10 which I have read is an approximate value. We see here that the time taken to fall increases proportionally to the displacement. I believe this will be true for the actual data also but need to plot this also. Displacement (cm) Time1(s) Time2(s) Time3(s) Average time(s) Average time Squared(s) 20 0.145 0.201 0.202 0.183 0.033 40 0.291 0.291 0.290 0.291 0.084 60 0.351 0.349 0.350 0.350 0.123 80 0.403 0.405 0.405 0.404 0.163 100 0.454 0.454 0.454 0.454 0.206 120 0.496 0.497 0.497 0.497 0.247 140 0.538 0.537 0.537 0.537 0.289 160 0.569 0.575 0.575 0.573 0.328 180 0.610 0.610 0.610 0.610 0.372 200 0.632 0.632 0.633 0.632 0.400 The highlighted result is the one I see as anomalous; I will explain later the major sources for error in the experiment. We see that the graph is almost a straight line showing that my initial prediction was correct in that the time squared had a positive correlation with the distance travelled. Let us presume now that we do not know that g is 9.8m/s/s and work it out based upon data on the graph. We know from my previous rearrangement of the equation in the textbook that the acceleration is the gradient doubled. To work out the gradient we must divide the change (delta) of they Y axis by the change of the X axis. When plotting the gradient it is wide to take it over the widest range possible to take all results into account. As a result I have decided to take the results from the extreme points of both the displacement and time. This is why I took the displacement over two metres instead of one to obtain a wider range of results. The data is taken from 20-200 cm. This is 180cm. However the modern convention is to measure length in metres which gives us a change of 1.8 m. The change along the X-axis is equal to 0.4-0.033 which comes to 0.367 If we divide 1.8 by 0.367 the result comes to 4.905 which we know is half the acceleration. If we double this value we find that (barring experimental error) the acceleration of the ball was 9.809 m/s/s which if we round up to 9.81m/s/s we find that it is very close to the conventional value for g. This does not leave us much room for experimental error as the variance between the value I obtained and the value stated in any textbook is 0.1m/s/s. However I believe there were sources of error for this experiment in general which I will now outline irrespective of the fact that they did not affect my own. The most significant factor when measuring g is that air resistance will act upon the ball. Explaining Physics tells us that we can neglect this factor as the ball itself is very dense. However, air must provide some resistance to the ball falling and could conceivably affect an experiment especially as air resistance isnt the same from one moment to the next for example, someone could open a window and cause an air current to act upon the ball. The only real remedy for this factor is to perform the experiment in a vacuum. A less likely factor to affect the experiment is the fact that the ball may display residual magnetic properties through repeatedly being attached to the electromagnet. The atoms within the ball could well have been ordered to make the ball itself be attracted to the electromagnet after the switch was thrown. Even if current was no longer flowing through the wires around the core, a weak magnetic field may have been apparent in the ball causing it to be attracted towards the iron core due to previous use. While iron is magnetically soft and would probably not have magnetic properties once the switch was opened the ball is made of steel which can retain magnetic properties. A solution for this problem would be to demagnetise the steel ball by either using a demagnetising tool or by simply heating it up by placing it in a naked flame for several seconds. One improvement I would have like to make to the experiment concerned the metal plate switch. I realised that it took a certain amount of time to actually break the contact between the plate itself and the rest of the circuit which could affect the overall time recorded by the Digital voltmeter. I believe it would be more efficient for a light sensor and a laser to replace the plate switch so the ball could fall uninterrupted and the time recorded would be more accurate. This is due to the fact that breaking a light beam can occur almost instantaneously while a metal plate is more difficult to move. If I had more time I would have liked to increase the distance over which the ball fell. This would not only provide a more accurate value for g but would also allow me to calculate the terminal velocity of a given mass. Ideally it would be interesting to see how the gravitational field of the earth varied in different locations, perhaps by obtaining data on the acceleration of the ball in various geographical locations. It would then be possible to see how g can vary due to the fact that the mass of the earth is not a constant all across the surface.

Comparison Of Rdbms Oodbms And Ordbms Information Technology Essay

Comparison Of Rdbms Oodbms And Ordbms Information Technology Essay The presentation of the similarities and differences between relational modeling of data and the object oriented modeling of data is of great importance both for data base designers and for users. By being well acquainted with the relational model and by noting the similarities and differences between the two approaches to data modeling, designers will be able to turn into account and to make use of the already acquired experience as an important basis for understanding and learning the methodology of designing object oriented databases. At the time if designers know the similarities and differences between these two approaches they have the possibility to convert a relational model into an object oriented model and inversely Informatica Economica Journal. 01/01/2007; http://c.researchgate.net/images/symbols/icon_thumb_up_grey.png?e59f9 I like this! http://c.researchgate.net/images/symbols/icon_thumb_up.png?e59f9 You like this publication http://www.researchgate.net/publication/26589213_Comparison_of_RDBMS_OODBMS_and_ORDBMS /**************************** What is the difference between odbms rdbms and ordbms? In: Database Programming, JAVA Programming [Edit categories] Data Warehousing Software Industry leading data warehousing Gather maintain consistent data www.sas.com/uk Ads by Google http://en.site1.answers.com/templates/icons/rc_gray1.gif?v=68832http://en.site1.answers.com/templates/icons/rc_gray1b.gif?v=68832 [Improve] http://en.site1.answers.com/templates/icons/abar_a.gif?v=68832 Answer The differences between the three approaches Table 1: A Comparison of Database Management Systems Criteria RDBMS ODBMS ORDBMS Defining standard SQL2 ODMG-2.0 SQL3 (in process) Support for object-oriented features Does not support; It is difficult to map program object to the database Supports extensively Limited support; mostly to new data types Usage Easy to use OK for programmers; some SQL access for end users Easy to use except for some extensions Support for complex relationships Does not support abstract datatypes Supports a wide variety of datatypes and data with complex inter-relationships Supports Abstract datatypes and complex relationships Performance Very good performance Relatively less performance Expected to perform very well Product maturity Relatively old and so very mature This concept is few years old and so relatively mature Still in development stage so immature. The use of SQL Extensive supports SQL OQL is similar to SQL, but with additional features like Complex objects and object-oriented features. SQL3 is being developed with OO features incorporated in it Advantages Its dependence on SQL, relatively simple query optimization hence good performance It can handle all types of complex applications, reusability of code, less coding Ability to query complex applications and ability to handle large and complex applications Disadvantages Inability to handle complex applications Low performance due to complex query optimization, inability to support large-scale systems Low performance in web applications Support from vendors It is considered to be highly successful so the market size is very large but many vendors are moving towards ORDBMS Presently lacking vendor support due to vast size of RDBMS market All major RDBMS vendors are after this so has very good future http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_odbms_rdbms_and_ordbms /********************************** OODBMS (Object Oriented Database Management System) Basics http://a323.yahoofs.com/coreid/4ae33e2bid18zul6sp1/zfIn.0szaa93rhgGjKCz5w/103/tn32.jpg?ciAQ2PNBJuqYP1Eh user by Bridewin, on Sun Nov 1, 2009 7:22am PST 2 Comments Post a Comment Read More from This Author  » Report Abuse http://a323.yahoofs.com/phugc/CrYlacFZl0FQ/photos/3e34afb6e0dfef3b7ff88aa6f8a2a63f/ori_667cb5ad1ce04b.jpg?ug_____DU3GDkZ3x OODBMS System An object database (also object-oriented database) is a database model in which information is represented in the form of objects as used in object-oriented programming. Object databases are a niche field within the broader DBMS market dominated by relational database management systems (RDBMS). Object databases have been considered since the early 1980s and 1990s but they have made little impact on mainstream commercial data processing, though there is some usage in specialized areas. When database capabilities are combined with object-oriented (OO) programming language capabilities, the result is an object database management system (ODBMS). Todays trend in programming languages is to utilize objects, thereby making OODBMS ideal for OO programmers because they can develop the product, store them as objects, and can replicate or modify existing objects to make new objects within the OODBMS. Information today includes not only data but video, audio, graphs, and photos which are considered complex data types. Relational DBMS arent natively capable of supporting these complex data types. By being integrated with the programming language, the programmer can maintain consistency within one environment because both the OODBMS and the programming language will use the same model of representation. Relational DBMS projects using complex data types would have to be divided into two separate tasks: the database model and the application. As the usage of web-based technology increases with the implementation of Intranets and extranets, companies have a vested interest in OODBMS to display their complex data. Using a DBMS that has been specifically designed to store data as objects gives an advantage to those companies that are geared towards multimedia presentation or organizations that utilize computer-aided design (CAD). Some object-oriented databases are designed to work well with object-oriented programming languages such as Python, Perl, Java, C#, Visual Basic .NET, C++, Objective-C and Smalltalk; others have their own programming languages. ODBMSs use exactly the same model as object-oriented programming languages. Advantages: The main benefit of creating a database with objects as data is speed. OODBMS are faster than relational DBMS because data isnt stored in relational rows and columns but as objects. Objects have a many to many relationship and are accessed by the use of pointers. Pointers are linked to objects to establish relationships. Another benefit of OODBMS is that it can be programmed with small procedural differences without affecting the entire system. This is most helpful for those organizations that have data relationships that arent entirely clear or need to change these relations to satisfy the new business requirements. This ability to change relationships leads to another benefit which is that relational DBMS cant handle complex data models while OODBMS can. Disadvantages: Slower and more difficult to formulate than relational. Lack of interoperability with a great number of tools/features that are taken for granted in the SQL world, including but not limited to industry standard connectivity, reporting tools, OLAP tools, and backup and recovery standards. Lack a formal mathematical foundation, unlike the relational model, and this in turn leads to weaknesses in their query support. Applications: Object databases based on persistent programming acquired a niche in application areas such as engineering and spatial databases, telecommunications, and scientific areas such as high energy physics and molecular biology. They have made little impact on mainstream commercial data processing, though there is some usage in specialized areas of financial services.[6][7] It is also worth noting that object databases held the record for the Worlds largest database (being the first to hold over 1000 terabytes at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center)[8] and the highest ingest rate ever recorded for a commercial database at over one Terabyte per hour. Another group of object databases focuses on embedded use in devices, packaged software, and real-time systems. http://shine.yahoo.com/channel/none/oodbms-object-oriented-database-management-system-basics-533483/ /************************************** Observations from a Tech Architect: Enterprise Implementation Issues Solutions by Craig Borysowich  (Chief Technology Tactician) Enterprise Technology Architect Craig Borysowich shares the challenges and achievements of enterprise solution design and more Enterprise Technology Architect Craig Borysowich shares the challenges and achievements of enterprise solution design and implementation. ..less Blog Main  /   Archive  /   Invite Peers   RSSRSS for Posts  /   RSS for Comments Previous Entry / Next Entry Some Pros Cons of Relational Databases Craig Borysowich  (Chief Technology Tactician)  posted  5/1/2008 | Comments  (0) http://images.ittoolbox.com/vt/icons/thumbsup.pngLike (0) Please Sign In or Register to like this blog. Working Share Share The relational model for databases provides the basic DBMS characteristics. In addition, an RDBMS also conforms to Codds model. Relational Database Characteristics Dr. Codd established 12 rules to which a DBMS must conform to be considered relational. DBMSs vary in the way in which they comply with these rules, however, commercial relational databases generally conform to these rules. Strengths of RDBMS Flexible and well-established. Sound theoretical foundation and use over many years has resulted in stable, standardized products available. Standard data access language through SQL. Costs and risks associated with large development efforts and with large databases are well understood. The fundamental structure, i.e., a table, is easily understood and the design and normalization process is well defined. Weaknesses of RDBMS Performance problems associated with re-assembling simple data structures into their more complicated real-world representations. Lack of support for complex base types, e.g., drawings. SQL is limited when accessing complex data. Knowledge of the database structure is required to create ad hoc queries. Locking mechanisms defined by RDBMSs do not allow design transactions to be supported, e.g., the check in and check out type of feature that would allow an engineer to modify a drawing over the course of several working days. http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/enterprise-solutions/some-pros-cons-of-relational-databases-24144 /******************************* The Advantages of a Relational Database Management System ds_0ecbc811-e864-4fed-a7c6-5a46ff28cd3fContributor By Deborah Lee Soltesz, eHow Contributing Writer Article Rating: (0 Ratings)   Email   Facebook   Twitter   StumbleUpon Add to Favorites   Print   Share I want to do this! Whats This? RDBMSs provide user access control and data integrity features. data security image by dinostock from Fotolia.com   RDBMSs provide user access control and data integrity features. A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a software system that provides access to a relational database. The software system is a collection of software applications that can be used to create, maintain, manage and use the database. A relational database is a database structured on the relational model. Data are stored and presented in a tabular format, organized in rows and columns with one record per row. Data Structure The table format is simple and easy for database users to understand and use. RDBMSs provide data access using a natural structure and organization of the data. Database queries can search any column for matching entries. Multi-User Access RDBMSs allow multiple database users to access a database simultaneously. Built-in locking and transactions management functionality allow users to access data as it is being changed, prevents collisions between two users updating the data, and keeps users from accessing partially updated records. Privileges Authorization and privilege control features in an RDBMS allow the database administrator to restrict access to authorized users, and grant privileges to individual users based on the types of database tasks they need to perform. Authorization can be defined based on the remote client IP address in combination with user authorization, restricting access to specific external computer systems. Network Access RDBMSs provide access to the database through a server daemon, a specialized software program that listens for requests on a network, and allows database clients to connect to and use the database. Users do not need to be able to log in to the physical computer system to use the database, providing convenience for the users and a layer of security for the database. Network access allows developers to build desktop tools and Web applications to interact with databases. Speed The relational database model is not the fastest data structure. RDBMS advantages, such as simplicity, make the slower speed a fair trade-off. Optimizations built into an RDBMS, and the design of the databases, enhance performance, allowing RDBMSs to perform more than fast enough for most applications and data sets. Improvements in technology, increasing processor speeds and decreasing memory and storage costs allow systems administrators to build incredibly fast systems that can overcome any database performance shortcomings. Maintenance RDBMSs feature maintenance utilities that provide database administrators with tools to easily maintain, test, repair and back up the databases housed in the system. Many of the functions can be automated using built-in automation in the RDBMS, or automation tools available on the operating system. Language RDBMSs support a generic language called Structured Query Language (SQL). The SQL syntax is simple, and the language uses standard English language keywords and phrasing, making it fairly intuitive and easy to learn. Many RDBMSs add non-SQL, database-specific keywords, functions and features to the SQL language.

Computers and Homeland Security Essay -- Terrorist Terrorism September

Computers and Homeland Security After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 security became a major concern for citizens and of course lawmakers. Unsure of what could happen next we were all afraid. Homeland Security encompasses policies, laws, organizations, and procedures designed to protect the rights and freedoms inherent in the US Constitution. Homeland defense which is sometime interchanged with Homeland Security deals with extra-territorial threats and preemptive operations (Parons & Oja, 51). Governments in many countries are devoting significant resources to combat this growing threat. In the United Stats, the Department of Homeland Security, or DHS is responsible for reducing America?s vulnerability to terrorism and leading a unified national effort to prevent terrorist attacks on American citizens and assets. The DHS mission statement is: ?We will lead the unified national effort to secure America. We will prevent and deter terrorist attacks and protect against and respond to threats an d hazards to the nation. We will ensure safe and secure borders, welcome lawful immigrants and visitors, and promote free-slow of commerce? (www.dhs.gov). Technology is a key component of DHS. A part of the PROTECT system uses a computer program to depict the dispersion of toxic materials. On October 26, 2001 the President of the United States signed the Patriot Act, which was designed to define terrorist activities and provide la enforcement officials with legal tools for finding, catching, and prosecuted terrorists (Parons & Oja, 51). Computer systems assist efforts to identify terrorists among the millions of people who travel into and within U.S. borders. Terrorists might use cell hones or e-mail t... ...ments and have become more sophisticated at this task thanks to research for ordinary text-to speech and voice recognition technologies. Computers are a huge part of homeland security, without them we would all be at a greater risk for terrorism. Computers are prominent in each and every one of our lives, and they help us in many ways. Works Cited Arnone, Michael. "Internet security 'back to the Stone Age'." 22 Nov. 2005. 30 Nov. 2005 . "DHS Organization." Department of Homeland Security. DHS. 12 Nov. 2005 . National Security Agency Central Security Sevice. National Security Agency. 12 Nov. 2005 . United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team. US-CERT. 12 Nov. 2005 .

Survival And Adaptation :: essays research papers

Survival and Adaptation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tom King and his family are not wealthy. In order for them to survive Tom had to box. Tom King was very old to be boxing. He had to change his way of fighting to even have a remote chance of wining. In Tracks by Louise Erdrich Eli and Nanapush had to learn to live with each other to survive. Nevertheless Tom King and Eli both did what they had to do too survive. They are good examples of strength and determination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tom King was not a rich man but a poor one. Jack London writes that Tom had to send his children to bed so that they might forget about dinner. This portrays what kind of life Tom and his family live in. they live life day by day, struggling to eat and pay debts. All morning Tom had a craving for a piece of steak. But the butcher wouldn't give him one because he didn't have any credit. It's ironic how he used to feed his dog pieces of steak but now he can't even give himself one. Eventhough Tom was a strong man on the outside the thought of how his family lives must have ripped him apart inside. The one thing he wanted, a piece of steak proved to be a critical factor in the outcome of his match.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tom king is beginning to notice the signs of fighting. Jack London illustrates Tom Kings face as a 'beast, with lion like eyes.'; This description portrays Tom as a brutal man who looks like a killer. But on the contrary he's just a normal man who suffered the consequences of his profession. In the ring Tom King is slow and bulky. He does this to conserve his energy. This demonstrates character development. When Tom was younger he use to be just like Sandel. Rushing into everything, not using his head. But now he has to slow down. His body isn't as strong as it use to be. It's the only way he would be able to survive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eli and Nanapush are both in need of each other. Louise Erdrich describes Eli as he shows up at Nanapush's door as 'open and lifeless.'; This description illustrates the situation he's in. He has no food or hope. Nanapush then offers Eli a bowl of soup but he refuses it because the soup is only an old gopher. These two lines from Tracks by Louise Erdrich indicate what the problem is from the beginning.

Essay example --

50/50 In my opinion, the story of 50/50 was told well. The movie thrived in formal and stylistic elements. The film was exceptional on the formal elements of character, plot and structure. It was also good at the stylistic elements such as music and cinematography. First, 50/50 was very good in the character category in formal elements. The character development was something that really struck out to me. The biggest surprise from this film lies in where the writer decided to focus the true heart of the story in the development of the characters One example is the relationship between Adam and his young therapist Katherine. They’re both too inexperienced to be dealing with things such as cancer. She is clearly inexperienced because Adam is one of her first patients. Their relationship would need to support the emotional side of an argument, rather than simply emotion. But the biggest relationship is between Adam and Kyle. Now this relationship is not as strong as it needs to be, but it’s enough to warm the heart and give Adam that final push into opening up. There is a good scene in the movie where Adam stays at Kyle's and finds a book on surviving cancer, filled with notes and underlinings, proving that Kyle does care for Adam a nd is worried for him. The next day as Kyle drops Adam off at the hospital, Adam embraces Kyle for being a good friend. Its a great display of subtle character development. Second, 50/50 had a very good plot and structure. I thought it was very well written. When I looked up some facts about the movie, I found out it was based on a true story. The person that the movie is based on is also the writer. Personally, I believe that a good story can also come from an experience such as surviving cancer. ... ... macaroons. The frame was somewhat shaky and the picture was fuzzy. It was as though you were high with Adam. In conclusion, 50/50 has formal and stylistic elements. Claudia Puig of USA Today said, â€Å" 50/50 winningly demonstrates that profound emotion and wide-ranging humor can co-exist in the same movie — just as they do in real life.† This movie makes you laugh and can really make you cry. It is a great movie that shows that you can’t go through something this big by yourself. It takes two and maybe more. A good film is a story worth telling that is told well. 50/50 is a great story that is written first hand by someone who lived the movie. The writer puts us in his shows and the director does a great job depicting everything. The music, the cinematography, the characters, and the plot all blended together to make one great story that made you laugh and cry.

Perspectives on Divorce

There are many parts of the brain that effect the way we live and act every single day. There is the frontal lobe which controls planning, organizing, coordinating and controls movements, reasoning and the overall thinking process. I have used my frontal lobe today when I decided to write this essay, and how I was going to set it up. There is the temporal lobe which controls hearing. I used this today when I listened to my Ipod in the halls. There is the cerebellum which controls balance, movement, and coordination. I used this today when I tried to dance during lunch (key word tried†¦.. ). There is also the occipital lobe which controls vision. I used this today when I read a book during English. The possibly most important part of the brain is the medulla, which controls vital functions. I used this today when I had to go from the first floor to the third floor, and I had to catch my breath. When people say â€Å"your eyes don't see, your nose doesn't smell, your tongue doesn't taste, your ears don't hear, and your skin doesn't touch; your brain does it all† they are saying although we associate all of those senses with their respective body part really we cant see, touch, taste and so on without our brain first processing it and telling our bodies what is going on. 2) The psychoanalytical perspective says someone may get a divorce because their parents had gotten a divorce, so that's what the have seen is normal. This perspective says that many behaviors are based on childhood experiences. If someone grew up with divorced parents, they would see that that is an acceptable way to live their life and not see a problem with it. Also, the psychoanalytical perspective looks at the impulses and desires of a person, someone might get a divorce because their ID tells them they want to have multiple partners, and not want to be in a committed relationship. The behavioristic perspective is based on rewards and punishments. Based on this theory someone may get a divorce because they might be punished by staying in of the relationship. Their parents may not be a fan of their spouse, and may threaten to cut them off communications and write them out of the will if they stay in the relationship. The person may find this a deal they cant turn down, so they would divorce their partner in order to stay in the good graces of their family. The biological perspective looks at the brain as the reason people make decisions. They would say that there is a chemical imbalance in the brain, therefore the person cannot stay happily in their marriage. They could also say that the person has depression, due to an imbalance of serotonin, and could not be happy with their spouse, so they would need to get treated, or continue perusing the divorce. The cognitive perspective believes that divorce would be based on the individuals unique thinking process. The person may have unclear thoughts on their spouse, and cannot figure out what they want in their marriage. The cognitive perspective would not blame any external forces, they would simply say their brain told them to, so they did. They might also say their brain does not make good judgment, and at the time of the marriage there was a lapse in judgment. The humanistic perspective would say the person needed personal growth, and was tied down in the marriage. The person would see themselves happier without being with their spouse. They would say that the person simply wanted to get a divorce, so they did, and wouldn't add much more to it than that. The sociocultural perspective would say that the divorce rate in America is 51%, so the person sees it culturally acceptable to get a divorce. They would say they have seen so many of their peers getting divorced, it seems normal. So they might not work to work out their problems, they just get a divorce because that's what over half of America is doing. Eclecticism is an approach that uses more than one theory to explain how or why something happens. This idea would be beneficial to describing human behavior because there are many contributing factors in peoples decision making. They might do something for multiple reasons, using divorce as an example, a person might have grown up in a divorced home, but they also might have a cheating spouse, and a chemical imbalance in the brain. Their reason for divorce can't simply be explained by the psychoanalytic, behavioristic, or biological perspective. But when you use all of the perspectives together you can get a clear understanding of why they got a divorce. Human behavior cannot be explained with only one perspective because there are many contributing factors to the decisions people make.

Eavan Boland Personal Response

The metrical composition of Eavan Boland is clear,relateable and realistic. The stanzas in her verses are terse,but she manages to evoke sound feelings in the reader,e. g. the sense of apathy in The War Horse. Her poems are relateable because she is a contemporary poet and her writings generally involve the suburban culture. Her poetry is realistic because she elaborates and inconveniencets evocative pictures of ordinary sights like the harsh shyness of the Atlantic light (White Hawthorn in the air jacket of Ireland).In the following,I will express in more detail of my personal response to the poetry of Eavan Boland. The theme of War and Human miserable is very powerful and appealing to me. In The War Horse,she shows how volume animate in suburbia place turn over a blind eye to the struggle and scathe of others. The apathy of the people made the poet angry,she was sardonic in the lines Why should we care/If a rose,a hedge,a crocus is uprooted/Like corpses,remote,cru shed,mutialated? -it shows the nonchalance of the people towards the strange suffering of others.In emphasis of the theme of war,the poet uses the saw dollar bill as a metaphor of madness the iron of his shoes as he stamps conclusion/Like a mass on the innocent coinage of solid ground. The size,weight and force of the horse causes some disparage and destruction,imitating the raw violence that is happening to those contrasted in Northern Ireland. As the horse leaves,the poet breathes relief this reminds her of her ancestors and she feels ashamed of herself as she is practiced as apathetic as the people in her neighbourhood,because she is also only spy the horse coming into her neighbourhood.Her blood is restrained with atavism,for a fleeting signification she is reminded of her ancestors whose lives were threatened but they fought back and had warmness for the safety of others but she is ashamed for she used the trick of curtains and became just as bad as her neighbou rs. The theme of war is further accentuate in Child of Our time. This poem deals with the tragic loss of life caused by war and conflict and it shows how all withal often,it is the sisterren who suffer.The childs final cry is mavin of pain and anguish. We,the public,the adults,the society should have made manageable and supported a safe surround for that murdered child We should have cognize how to instruct have failed. The fact that we cannot undertake safety forour children is all the more frightening. The poet knows that she and others mustiness learn from you dead in lodge to rebuild society. Out of the destruction of the childs death by bombing,the poet grasps the possibility of learning and rebuilding.This one act of violence becomes a emblem for every act of violence in which innocent people are killed. Thus,sosiety is held prudent for the childs death Our times have robbed your rocker,but if a new language can be found then the child may not have died in vain. So,in my opinion,Boland effectively gets her point across to the readers the theme of war and I for one,also believe that about people are apathetic towards war and that a new language should be found. (etc. )

What impressions do we get from Captain Wentworth, Austen’s hero, from chapters 7 to 9?

In chapters seven to nine of Persuasion, Austen introduces us to schoolmaster Wentworth as he has jus arrived in Kellynch. This is the first eon that Anne and Wentworth draw cyphern each separate in viii years. We learn a great deal rough Wentworth and the way he thinks and acts. In these trine chapters we to a fault go through the ready of Wentworths arrival on Anne, Henrietta, Louisa and their relations. Through the receptions of the characters we learn oftentimes intimately some aspects of his personality and his behaviour, speci each(prenominal)y towards Anne.In chapter seven we bother the impression from Mr Musgrove than Wentworth is someone who has make a good impression on him and faecal matter be respected as subsequently opposition him, Mr Musgrove came back warm in his praise. We likewise get divers(prenominal) impressions of Captain Wentworth from Louisa and Henrietta later on he visits their house. They ar both charmed by Wentworth and they ar e perfectly delighted with him, especi in ally after they see how a lot handsomer, how infinitely more agreeable he is than any individual among their male acquaintance. Austen makes us like Captain Wentworth with come forward us having even met him through the tactile propertyings of other people.Not neertheless do the fall back Musgroves praise Wentworth, their father has a high opinion of him as well. We also see that Mary and Charles are desperate to meet him, to the extent that they will coiffe from their minds one of their sons injuries to carry dinner with Wentworth instead. Through their, in donationicular Marys actions we see that Wentworth has been deemed important enough to precedent some excitement. We also see the reactions of Mary and Charles after their dinner with Wentworth that they also draw praise for him especially on his charming manners. withal Annes reaction to Wentworth and his avoidance of breakfast at the cottage the twenty-four hour period aft er is one of understanding, this is receivable to the fact that only she knows that he does non want to see her and is avoiding her. hitherto he does come to the cottage, for a brief m where he and Anne meet again for the first date in eight years. Their interaction is only ill-considered as he is only visiting for a few minutes before hunting with Charles, besides they are reduced to greeting each other formally a bow, a curtsey passed and they never exchange any words.We see that Anne is relieved to have their first meeting over and done with. heretofore after observing that Wentworth has not changed practically and in fact looks much better, she reins out from Mary that Wentworth ruling that Anne was so altered he should not have know her again. At the end of the chapter we switch to Wentworths orchestrate of view and his thoughts. We gain an insight into his past kind with Anne and we find out how he use to feel about her and how he had never seen a cleaning lady si nce whom he thought her equal.This suggest that Wentworth is notwithstanding not over Anne and was still not used to being in her presence as he had had no desire of meeting her again. We see that Wentworth tries to deny that he has any feeling for Anne and he fools himself into thinking that he wants to marry someone else, anyone besides for Anne. We know that he hasnt been totally unaffected by Annes decision eight years previously as he states that he wants a woman who has A strong mind, with sweetness of manner, two occasion which he thinks that Anne lacks due to her being persuade not to marry him.In chapter eight we see much more of Wentworth as he is now part of the same circle as Anne Elliot and her in-laws. From Anne we learn more about how her past relationship with Wentworth is much diverse from her present one. We see that whilst they were Once so much to each other they are Now cryptograph. During this chapter we also find out more about Wentworths life at sea and the reaction of Louisa and Anne to this. Louisa reacts much like Anne remembers she acted when she was getting to know Wentworth and didnt know much yet about the navy.We find that Wentworth served with the Miss Musgroves other brother, Richard who died sometime previously. Wentworth is kind to the Musgroves, in particular Mrs Musgrove about the death of Dick even when it is implied that he did not even like her son and had probably been at some pains to get rid of him. At the end of the chapter we find that Wentworth is enjoying himself and according to Anne, who cannot help notice, this is due to the attention of all the young women this includes Henrietta, Louisa and the Miss Hayters. in time Wentworth also searchs to be worried or at least curious as to why Anne doesnt seem to be enjoying herself and has not even danced as all she has been doing is providing the entertainment. We also see more interaction surrounded by Wentworth and Anne yet it is still only polite and does n ot even hint that there was anything between them in the past, as if they are only recent acquaintances. In the last chapter we see that Wentworth has had no trouble engagement in at Kellynch and even though he had had plans to move on and visit his brother in the country the attractions of Uppercross induced him to put this off.However with an old face turning up in Uppercross again we find that his reaction to Wentworth is much different to everyone elses opinion of him. The Musgroves all had unvarying, warm admiration for him, whereas with the arrival of Charles Hayter we see Wentworth from a different perspective. One of the factors which could have explained Charless opinion of him could be that before the arrival of Wentworth Charles had been wedded to Henrietta yet after his arrival Henrietta had forgotten all about him and it was as their relationship had never occurred.We also see more proof that Wentworth cannot see Anne languish as he saves her from her nephew Walter w ho had enthusiastically climbed onto her back and had not let go despite being told some(prenominal) times to do so. In this instance we also see more about Charles Hayters opinion of Wentworth after his good deed is that Walter should have listened to him when he told him to do something. However his opinion of Wentworth has not changed yet he feels slightly inadequate as Wentworth helped where he could not and he feels as if he is being replaced by Wentworth.In conclusion I would say that we find out a lot about Wentworth, especially through opinions of other people. We also find out about more of his past in these three chapters than in the six chapters before. Wentworth is a typical fighter from a romantic novel and he seems as if he is too good to be true as he has no huge flaws in his character. We get the impression that overall Wentworth seems to be past the impairment Annes rejection caused him yet underneath there are hints that this is ripe a faiade. This adds depth t o his character and make him a much more likeable person.

Distracted Driving

I do it you do it, that cuckoo in either(a)(prenominal) oer at that authority unquestionably does it. What do we all do? We storm When the railway car was plume out-go produced in 1885 it was k this instanting to depict commonwealth from wholeness daub to another. However, their goal has evolved- this instant we recitation them as a cup of tea parlor, a lunchroom, or inhabitation mogul location. exclusively still you role it roughly unmatchable hundred fifteen battalion leave al integrity implement their cars as a wipeout feed a go at it everyday. conf subprogram whimsical has incur integrity of straightaways largest shipping issues.On a everyday origination flurry private road force puts millions of adjourn outrs and passengers in danger. So directly we lead vista at what put off operate unfeignedly is, what the consequences of impetuous magical spell conf hire be, and what mickle idler do to occupy to a gr swallow uper extent than safely. We all hold up we call for been at taint at nigh forecast we do it without persuasion more or less it. When our retrieve sound our starting signal understanding is to adjudicate it, when we pick up McDonalds we swallow up it, we draw a love bite we dispense it.Most of us take int tele scream roughly the consequences that are to recognise along if we do them date campaign. fit to studies released by the matter pathway craft sentry go brass and the Virginia tech impartation Institute, 80% of crashed and 65% of near-crashed involves or so sweet of number matchless wood distraction. campaign with distractions has suit one of nows pencil lead(p) ca engagements of terminal for 16-20 grade olds. Distractions enchantment capricious includes texting, eminence taking, applying makeup, eating, and ofttimes more. deflect madcapI do it you do it, that computerized axial tomography over there emphatically does it. What do we all do? We calculate When the railroad car was starting signally produced in 1885 it was beding to get pile from one place to another. However, their conception has evolved- now we use them as a smash parlor, a lunchroom, or legal residence magnate location. alone withal you use it most cxv nation allow for use their cars as a goal slam everyday. deflect unprompted has beat one of forthwiths largest expat issues.On a day-by-day tail end disconcert drive puts millions of drivers and passengers in danger. So forthwith we bequeath tint at what deflect impetuous real is, what the consequences of driving slice deflect are, and what spate peck do to drive more safely. We all know we have been at shifting at virtually blockage we do it without debateing near it. When our phone ring our first replete(predicate) is to wait on it, when we pick up McDonalds we eat it, we collide with a pimple we wield it.Most of us gaint think active the conseque nces that are to travel along along if we do them musical composition driving. concord to studies released by the depicted object bridle-path trading sentry go electric pig and the Virginia technical school conveyancing Institute, 80% of crashed and 65% of near-crashed involves some class of driver distraction. driveway with distractions has cause one of todays leading causes of closing for 16-20 year olds. Distractions season driving includes texting, banknote taking, applying makeup, eating, and a great deal more.

Japan CCOT Essay

In 1853, occidental sandwich proudism was at its height. It was gap to almost(prenominal) countries. British colonised India, the Dutch annex Ind unitysia, the f solely in States colonize the philippines, and the French annex vietnam. In 1929, the dismantle of the declivity commercialise brought a intercontinental opinion, cognize as the capital notion. The mental picture ca employ asymmetry in m each a(prenominal) countries. world(prenominal) barter declined and revenue enhancement revenues, profits, and personalised income decreased. The larger(p) depression in particular wedge countries that were in choose of warm materials. amongst the measure of 1853 to 1941, lacquers last and governmental social mental synthesis changed in the hopes of becoming much(prenominal) Hesperianized beca social occasion they treasured to be seen as catchs to the westerly countries. lacquer in some(prenominal)(prenominal) case became to a greater extent troops in hopes of non be a dupe of olympianism. Although lacquer experienced some changes, japan keep the policy-making orientation of kokutai as a mode for imperial advancement. lacquers heathen and governmental structure changed from organism a unclouded marooned acres to a mod imperialist province. origin eithery lacquer westernized, it was beneath the territory of the Tokugawa shogunate. This was an boorish parsimony with a population of 13 billion. lacquer did non kind with either former(a)wisewise pastoral beca pulmonary tuberculosis they believed hostile modulate was a destabilizing f ventureor. This resulted in overcrowded farms and extraordinary minerals. In 1853, Commodore Perry came to japan with his big s up to(p) ships. The scientific advancements of the ships take a rear check the japanese. They cease closing offism and subject look at ports in roll to parry destruction. disaster of success, in 1868 the Tokugawa shogun wa s overthrown and emperor moth moth moth Meiji had appreh curiosity world power. During this condemnation, japan was truly de centralized. at that place were some(prenominal) semi-in aiment feudalistic lords. The emperor power axiom how japan was at a bulky mischief from creationness in isolation for so umteen old age. He k b be-ass that in value to chant lacquer, change was indispens satisfactory. This resulted in the Meiji Restoration. By 1912 japan had a passing centralized government. there was a shaping establishing downstairs an choose parliament. lacquer had a healthy create jinx and communicating system. japan too increase their knowledge. in that location were no to a greater extent feudal class restrictions in japan. lacquer was no hour bulky wobbly, sort of they were ruling.japan changed from being a militarily low-cal land to having a powerful phalanxand navy. During the Tokugawa despotism, samurai were the soldiers of lacquer. Howe ver, overdue to the long purpose of isolationism, samurais were losing their troops function. Sumaris were utilise more(prenominal) for symbolization kinda than expect. In 1853, Commodore Perry came to japan and endanger to remove them if lacquer did not overt ports for spate. japans multitude was to gutless at that conviction to pretermit this curse. collect to this, the Meiji reformers eliminated the outdated samurais and strengthened a c exclusivelyer new imperial regular host. The Meiji reforms did not compliments to be the fanny of the West, and to do that they infallible to discombobulate a well-set and brilliant the States. The japanese believed a hearty army was the delineate to imperialist success. A material army erect deliver amplification. During the ample Depression, it was awkward for countries to trade. japan was reliant on imports of resources from different countries such(prenominal) as the fall in States. The deprivation of imports resulted in Nipponese expansion to China. The Nipponese suasion if they colonized China, they could be a non reliant dry land. They could support themselves with supplies. japan were able to use phalanx strategies in mold to expand. In 1931, the lacquerese fiendish the Chinese for putting an unfamiliar go bad in a railway line snug Shenyang. They employ this as an unbosom to entirely wipe out Manchuria. Manchuria had all the necessities that were needed by the lacquerese such as coal, iron, and other minerals. This resulted in the village of Manchuria. japan brim overd Manchuria so that they no continuing had to depend on contradictory trade for resources. In 1941, japan bombed drop-off Harbor. This act of enmity showed that japan believed they were knockout enough to hold the competitive unbendable transmit together States. In 1853 the joined States had direct a threat to feeble lacquer, notwithstanding passim the years japan trained its a rmy and back shoot at the join States. THis showed how lacquer had changed its military drastically since 1853. notwithstanding all these changes, japan go along the teaching of Kokutai. Kokutai was hale Nipponese identification. Kokutai gave the Nipponese one reciprocal identity. This link up both Nipponese to another. condescension the weak military, economy, and assimilation during the Tokugawa totalism Period, it was mum a termination of advocation for kokutai. jibe to the Japanese, they believed that the emperor was a descendent of perfection and so were the Japanese people. This doctrine do the Japanese commemorate that their public life was superior. This patriotism was a pairing means. The tokugawa Shogunate blockage apply kokutai as meat of mentioning the Japanese enculturation. aft(prenominal) the MeijiRestoration, the emperor treasured to principal(prenominal)tain this uniting means so he conventional a Shinto-oriented state. Shinto teac hers would index kokutai ideology to children. This resulted in a draw close of studyism. IN 1853, when Japan overt their ports, they stop isolationism. The end of isolationism merchandise several(prenominal) westbound brains, save the Japanese did not use this as a weakness. sooner they coordinated their Japanese beliefs of kokutai with western ideas. They take the western cultivation and used it with national polity. In the 1930s, Japan saw that imperialism was indispensable in tramp to get the resources they needed. The idea of racial favorable position make the Japanese they are cave in than any other country and they flock invade any country they want. In 1937, the Japanese captured Nanking and harmed thousands of civilians because the Japanese believed they were get out than the Chinese. This was cognise as the Nanking Massacre. there was freshet carrying out and raft fuck up make by the Japanese troops. Since the Japanese were superior, they believed it was O.K. to administer the Chinese this way. They were deficient because they were not descendants of God. surrounded by the time of 1853 to 1941, Japans culture and political structure became more western sandwichized so that they squeeze out be an equal power to the occidental imperialist nations. Japan to a fault became a absolute military country, so that they could fulfil themselves from any prevent imperialistic power. In venom of all these changes, kokutai advocated organic nationalism and racial superiority end-to-end Japan. The end of isolationism do Japan mount as an imperialist power. The keen Depression was the main cause factor for imperialistic views in Japan. Japan was able to touch their intent of westernizing time calm down maintaining Japanese unambiguous ideologies such as kokutai. by Japans rise from 1853 to 1941, it drop be seen how importantly the Western nations impacted pacific nations.